See fruma on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fruma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fruma",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 11 7 4 6 6 6 6 15 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 9 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
],
"id": "en-fruma-got-romanization-LyB7cdkc",
"links": [
[
"𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "frumu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumur",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumnanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "fruma f (genitive singular frumu, nominative plural frumur)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.genplna:a"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "is",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "is:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 11 7 4 6 6 6 6 15 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 9 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blóðfruma"
},
{
"word": "eggfruma"
},
{
"word": "eitilfruma"
},
{
"word": "frumufræði"
},
{
"word": "frumulíffæri"
},
{
"word": "frumuveggur"
},
{
"word": "heilafruma"
},
{
"word": "okfruma"
},
{
"word": "sáðfruma"
},
{
"word": "stofnfruma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cell"
],
"id": "en-fruma-is-noun-T126LxJn",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) a cell"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfrʏːma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏːma"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dǣdfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ēadfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbearn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbierdling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbyrd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcenned"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcnēow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcynn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumċyrr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumgār"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġesċeap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġewrit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġield"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumhīwung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumhræġl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumieldo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlēoht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlīċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlīehtan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumrǣd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumrīpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċeaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċeatt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċieppend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċyld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumstemn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumstōl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumtalu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumtīd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumweorc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumwīfung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumwyrhta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hildfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "landfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lēodfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lēohtfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līffruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ordfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tīrfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wīġfruma"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frume"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Old English for",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīmus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fruman",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fruman"
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fruma",
"2": "fruman",
"3": "fruman",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "fruman",
"6": "frumena",
"7": "fruman",
"8": "frumum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 11 7 4 6 6 6 6 15 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)",
"text": "This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "On the eight day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.",
"text": "late 9th century, Old English Martyrology\nOn þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.",
"translation": "On the eight day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, origin"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-FUn4cWAp",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants",
"text": "Beowulf\nwine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte\nfriend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time\nÐá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc",
"translation": "Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-nbWNgCIy",
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "æþeling"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "bealdor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "brego"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "cynebearn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fruma"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þēoden"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"originator, inventor, creator"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-KoA9dpFN",
"links": [
[
"originator",
"originator"
],
[
"inventor",
"inventor"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfru.mɑ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u.mɑ"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumafol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumahaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumalīh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumareht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumasam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumaskaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumawerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumisk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Fromme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "fromm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frummer"
}
],
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "frum",
"word": "פֿרום"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "firm, upright",
"word": "vrume"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vrome"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Fromme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "fromm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frummer"
}
],
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "frum",
"word": "פֿרום"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "firm, upright",
"word": "vrume"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vrume"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "froma",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fruma f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fruma f",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-o-f"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumagift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumakīdi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumamurwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumanaht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumarīfi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frummen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumāri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frumīg"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"profit, success"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-CWofeUlw",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"profit",
"profit"
],
[
"success",
"success"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"help, support"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-K4Ia59mY",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"salvation, happiness"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-sZFA0jVs",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"salvation",
"salvation"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"the good, also ethically and morally"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-55RWb8ru",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 11 7 4 6 6 6 6 15 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"good qualities, excellence"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-3dxm5xV5",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"excellence",
"excellence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"property, possessions"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-bvksvz~j",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"possessions",
"possessions"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"fruit, crop, produce"
],
"id": "en-fruma-goh-noun-RMUoj37n",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German feminine nouns",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fruma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fruma",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
],
"links": [
[
"𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German feminine nouns",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blóðfruma"
},
{
"word": "eggfruma"
},
{
"word": "eitilfruma"
},
{
"word": "frumufræði"
},
{
"word": "frumulíffæri"
},
{
"word": "frumuveggur"
},
{
"word": "heilafruma"
},
{
"word": "okfruma"
},
{
"word": "sáðfruma"
},
{
"word": "stofnfruma"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "frumu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumur",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumnanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "fruma f (genitive singular frumu, nominative plural frumur)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.genplna:a"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine nouns",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːma",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːma/2 syllables",
"is:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"a cell"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) a cell"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfrʏːma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏːma"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine n-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German feminine nouns",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/u.mɑ",
"Rhymes:Old English/u.mɑ/2 syllables",
"ang:Monarchy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dǣdfruma"
},
{
"word": "ēadfruma"
},
{
"word": "frumbearn"
},
{
"word": "frumbierdling"
},
{
"word": "frumbyrd"
},
{
"word": "frumcenned"
},
{
"word": "frumcnēow"
},
{
"word": "frumcynn"
},
{
"word": "frumċyrr"
},
{
"word": "frumgār"
},
{
"word": "frumġesċeap"
},
{
"word": "frumġewrit"
},
{
"word": "frumġield"
},
{
"word": "frumhīwung"
},
{
"word": "frumhræġl"
},
{
"word": "frumieldo"
},
{
"word": "frumlēoht"
},
{
"word": "frumlīċ"
},
{
"word": "frumlīehtan"
},
{
"word": "frumrǣd"
},
{
"word": "frumrīpan"
},
{
"word": "frumsċeaft"
},
{
"word": "frumsċeatt"
},
{
"word": "frumsċieppend"
},
{
"word": "frumsċyld"
},
{
"word": "frumstemn"
},
{
"word": "frumstōl"
},
{
"word": "frumtalu"
},
{
"word": "frumtīd"
},
{
"word": "frumweorc"
},
{
"word": "frumwīfung"
},
{
"word": "frumwyrhta"
},
{
"word": "hildfruma"
},
{
"word": "landfruma"
},
{
"word": "lēodfruma"
},
{
"word": "lēohtfruma"
},
{
"word": "līffruma"
},
{
"word": "ordfruma"
},
{
"word": "tīrfruma"
},
{
"word": "wīġfruma"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frume"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "frome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Old English for",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīmus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fruman",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fruman"
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fruma",
"2": "fruman",
"3": "fruman",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "fruman",
"6": "frumena",
"7": "fruman",
"8": "frumum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)",
"text": "This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "On the eight day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.",
"text": "late 9th century, Old English Martyrology\nOn þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.",
"translation": "On the eight day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, origin"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants",
"text": "Beowulf\nwine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte\nfriend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time\nÐá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc",
"translation": "Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds"
],
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "æþeling"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "bealdor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "brego"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "cynebearn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "fruma"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þenġel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:þeoden",
"word": "þēoden"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"originator, inventor, creator"
],
"links": [
[
"originator",
"originator"
],
[
"inventor",
"inventor"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfru.mɑ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u.mɑ"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German feminine nouns",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frumafol"
},
{
"word": "frumahaft"
},
{
"word": "frumalīh"
},
{
"word": "frumareht"
},
{
"word": "frumasam"
},
{
"word": "frumaskaft"
},
{
"word": "frumawerk"
},
{
"word": "frumisk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Fromme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "fromm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frummer"
}
],
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "frum",
"word": "פֿרום"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "firm, upright",
"word": "vrume"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vrome"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Fromme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "fromm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "frummer"
}
],
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "frum",
"word": "פֿרום"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "firm, upright",
"word": "vrume"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vrume"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "froma",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fruma f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fruma f",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-o-f"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "frumagift"
},
{
"word": "frumakīdi"
},
{
"word": "frumamurwi"
},
{
"word": "frumanaht"
},
{
"word": "frumarīfi"
},
{
"word": "frumida"
},
{
"word": "frummen"
},
{
"word": "frumo"
},
{
"word": "frumāri"
},
{
"word": "frumīg"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"profit, success"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"profit",
"profit"
],
[
"success",
"success"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"help, support"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"salvation, happiness"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"salvation",
"salvation"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"the good, also ethically and morally"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"good qualities, excellence"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"excellence",
"excellence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"property, possessions"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"possessions",
"possessions"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit",
"fruit, crop, produce"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fruma meaning in All languages combined (14.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.